{"id":700,"date":"2014-05-05T01:48:52","date_gmt":"2014-05-05T01:48:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/s526211630.onlinehome.us\/?page_id=700"},"modified":"2015-01-25T04:24:09","modified_gmt":"2015-01-25T04:24:09","slug":"korean-lessons-lesson-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.learnkorean.com\/?page_id=700","title":{"rendered":"Korean lessons: Lesson 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hangul
\n<\/b> <\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

1. Consonants (<\/span><\/span>\uc790\uc74c<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

— Click on the chart and listen to how they sound.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Plain<\/span><\/td>\nAspirated<\/span><\/td>\ntensed<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3131 [k]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u314b [k’]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u3132 [kk]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3134 [n]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3137 [t]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u314c[t’]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u3138 [tt]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3139<\/span>[ r <\/a> \/ l <\/a>]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3141 [m]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3142 [p]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u314d[p’]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u3143 [pp]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3145 [s]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u3146 [ss]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3147<\/span> [zero<\/small><\/small> \/ ng<\/a> ]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3148 [ch]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u314a [ch’]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u3149[cc]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u314e[h]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n
Consonant chart<\/strong><\/caption>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

dictionary order: <\/span><\/p>\n

\u3131 (\u3132), \u3134, \u3137 (\u3138), \u3139, \u3141, \u3142 (\u3143), \u3145 (\u3146), \u3147, \u3148 (\u3149), \u314a, \u314b, \u314c, \u314d, \u314e<\/span><\/p>\n

Aspirated ones are with more puff of air than the plain ones. As for tensed ones, you add more stricture, but without puff of air, when letting out the sound. Tensed ones are difficult for beginners, and many students take long time to acquire the correct pronunciation.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3131<\/span> is similar to g as in g<\/strong>od.<\/em><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u3132<\/span> is similar to k as in sk<\/strong>y.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u314b<\/span> is similar to k as in k<\/strong>ill<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3137<\/span> is similar to d as in d<\/strong>o<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3138<\/span> is similar to t as in st<\/strong>op.<\/em><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u314c<\/span> is similar to t as in t<\/strong>wo<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3139<\/span> is similar to tt as in butt<\/strong>er<\/em> (not [t] but a flap like a Spanish [r]), in a syllable initial position.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3139is similar to l as in fill<\/strong>ing<\/em>, in a syllable final (<\/span>\ubc1b\uce68) position. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3142<\/span> is similar to b as in b<\/strong>ad.<\/em><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u3143 <\/span> is similar to p as in sp<\/strong>y.<\/em><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u314d <\/span>is similar to p as in p<\/strong>ool<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3145<\/span>is similar to s as in as<\/strong>tronaut<\/em>.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u3146<\/span> is similar to s as in s<\/strong>uit<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3148<\/span> is similar to j as in j<\/strong>ail.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3149<\/span> is similar to tz as in pretz<\/strong>el<\/em>.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u314a<\/span> is similar to ch as in ch<\/strong>arge.<\/em><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u314e <\/span>is similar to h as in h<\/strong>at<\/em>.<\/span>
\n<\/small><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

2. Vowels (<\/span><\/span>\ubaa8\uc74c<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

— Click on the chart and listen to how they sound.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Simple<\/span><\/td>\nPalatalized<\/span><\/td>\nlabiovelarized<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u314f [a]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u3151 [ya]<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3150 [ae]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u3152 [yae]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3153 [o^]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u3155 [yo^]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3154 [e]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u3156 [ye]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3157 [o]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u315b [yo]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u3158 [wa]<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n<\/span> \u3159 [wae]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n		\u315a [oe]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u315c [u]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u3160 [yu]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n\u315d [wo^]<\/a>
\n\u315e [we] <\/a><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n		\u315f [ui]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3161 [u^]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u3162[u^i]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3163 [i]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n
Vowel Chart<\/strong><\/caption>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n


\n<\/small>dictionary order:<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u314f(\u3150, \u3152), \u3151, \u3153 (\u3154, \u3156), \u3155, \u3157 (\u3158, \u3159, \u315a), \u315b, \u315c (\u315d, \u315e, \u315f), \u3160, \u3161 (\u3162), \u3163<\/span><\/p>\n

\u314f <\/span> is similar to “Ah<\/strong>“.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3151 <\/span> is similar to “ya<\/b>rd”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3153 is similar to “cu<\/b>t”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3155 <\/span> is similar to “ju<\/b>st” or “Elio<\/b>t”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3157 is similar to “o<\/b>rder”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u315b is similar to ” Yo<\/b>da”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u315c is similar to “ U<\/b>ngaro”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3160 is similar to “you<\/b>“.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3161 is similar to “goo<\/b>d” or “le<\/b> chatau”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3163 is similar to “ea<\/b>sy”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3150 is similar to “a<\/b>dd”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3152 is similar to “ya<\/b>m”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3154 is similar to “ e<\/b>ditor”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3156 is similar to “ ye<\/b>s”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3158 is similar to “ Wo<\/b>w!” or “wha<\/b>t”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3159 is similar to “wa<\/b>gon”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u315a is similar to “Koe<\/strong>ln”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u315d is similar to “ o<\/b>ne”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u315e is similar to “ wea<\/strong>ther”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u315f is similar to “we<\/b>” or “Oui<\/b>!”.<\/span>
\nTraditional vowel classification:<\/span><\/p>\n

Traditionally, vowels are classified into three categories, that is yang<\/em> (bright), yin<\/em> (dark), and neutral<\/em>. This classification is very important, for it will be used when we learn conjugation of predicates and some phonological aspects of Korean. The classification also principles the vowel-hamp3ony phenomena that Korean has as a member of Altaic language family. The cassification is as follows:<\/span><\/small><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n
yang <\/em>(bright)<\/span><\/small><\/td>\n—<\/span><\/small><\/td>\n\u314f and<\/span> <\/small>\u3157 series <\/span><\/small><\/td>\n(\u314f, \u3151, \u3157, \u315b, \u3158)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yin<\/em> (dark)<\/span><\/small><\/td>\n—<\/span><\/td>\n\u3153 and <\/span> <\/small>\u315c series<\/span><\/small><\/td>\n(\u3153, \u3155, \u315c, \u3160, \u315d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
neutral<\/span><\/small><\/td>\n—<\/span><\/small><\/td>\n\u3161 and <\/small><\/span>\u3163<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

3. How to make a character out of alphabet <\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Each character is designed to represent one syllable, the structure of which may be described as (C)V(C), where C stands for a consonant, and V does a vowel–(C) means that the consonant in the position is optional.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
(C) <\/span><\/td>\n + <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n V <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n+<\/span><\/td>\n(CC)<\/span> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
initial consonant<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\nvowel<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\nfinal consonant (coda)<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Some vowels are placed on the right side of the initial consonant; some are placed underneath the initial consonant: Vowels <\/span>\u314f, <\/span>\u3153, <\/span>\u3163 (and their derivatives, i.e. <\/span>\u3150, <\/span>\u3154, <\/span>\u3152,\u3156) are placed on the right; and vowels <\/span>\u3157, <\/span>\u315c, <\/span>\u3161 are placed undersneath the initial consonant. Final consonants are always placed at the bottom.<\/span><\/p>\n

E.g)<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u3131<\/td>\n+<\/big><\/td>\n\u314f<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u3141<\/td>\n<\/td>\n=<\/big><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\uac10<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[kam]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3131<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u315c<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u3131<\/td>\n<\/td>\n=<\/big><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\uad6d<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[kuk]<\/span> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3132<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u315c<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u3147<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n=<\/big><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\uafcd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3134<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/big><\/td>\n\u314f<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n=<\/big><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\ub098<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[na]<\/span> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u314e<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/big><\/td>\n\u3158<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n=<\/big><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\ud654<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[hwa]<\/span> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3147<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u3150<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n=<\/big><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\uc560<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[ae]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3147<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u3157<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u3145<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n=<\/big><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\uc637<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[ot]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3131<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/big><\/td>\n\u3157<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u3137<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n=<\/big><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\uace7 <\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[kot]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3132<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/big><\/td>\n\u3157<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u314a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n=<\/big><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\uaf43<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[kkot]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3142<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u314f<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u314c<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n=<\/big><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\ubc2d<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[pat]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u314e<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/big><\/td>\n\u3161<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u313a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n=<\/big><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\ud759<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[hu^(r)k]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3147<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u3153<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u3144<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n=<\/big><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\uc5c6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[o^p]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3138<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u3153<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\u313c<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n=<\/big><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\ub5ab <\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[tto^(r)p]<\/span> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

NB) Final consonant clusters: <\/small><\/span> <\/span> \u3133<\/span>, \u3135, \u3136, \u313a, \u313b, \u313c, \u313d, \u313e, \u313f, \u3140, \u3144<\/span><\/p>\n

Except for<\/small><\/span><\/span> \u313a, \u313b, \u313c, \u313d, \u313e, \u313f, \u3140<\/span> (ones with \u3139 placed befre another consonant), when followed by another consonant or nothing, the second consonant of the cluster becomes silent. This second consonant will come alive when there is a vowel after it. <\/span><\/small><\/p>\n

\n

\uac12 = kap “price”<\/span><\/p>\n

\uac12 + \uacfc = kap kwa “price and”<\/span><\/p>\n

\uac12 + \uc774 = kapsi “price (with a subject particle)”<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Final clusters with ‘\u3139+consonant’ fomp3ation are pronounced with slight irregularity. As for<\/span> \u313a, \u313b, \u313c, \u313e, \u313f, the foregoing liquid sound [\u3139] of the cluster is ignored when followed by another consonant or nothing. This \u3139 comes alive when the cluster is followed by another vowel. However, Seoul speakers (and many other regions too) tend to throw in a touch of liquid sound for the \u3139 even when the cluster is followed by a consonant or nothing.<\/span><\/p>\n

\uc0b6<\/span> = sa(l)m<\/a> “a living” <\/span><\/small><\/span><\/p>\n

\uc0b6<\/span>+ \uc774<\/span> = sal mi <\/a> “a living (with a subject particle)”<\/span><\/small><\/span><\/p>\n

In clusters <\/span>\u313d and \u3140, however, [\u3139] is alive even when followed by another consosnant.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\ub053 + \uace0 = kku^l k’o “boil and..”<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hangul 1. Consonants (\uc790\uc74c) — Click on the chart and listen to how they sound. Plain Aspirated tensed \u3131 [k] \u314b [k’] \u3132 [kk] \u3134 [n] \u3137 [t] \u314c[t’] \u3138 [tt] \u3139[ r \/ l ] \u3141 [m] \u3142 [p]…<\/p>\n

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