{"id":708,"date":"2014-05-05T02:13:32","date_gmt":"2014-05-05T02:13:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/s526211630.onlinehome.us\/?page_id=708"},"modified":"2014-05-05T02:13:49","modified_gmt":"2014-05-05T02:13:49","slug":"korean-lessons-lesson-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.learnkorean.com\/?page_id=708","title":{"rendered":"Korean lessons: Lesson 3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Phonological notes<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span> <\/small><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/small>1. Syllable-final Consonants (<\/span>\ubc1b\uce68):<\/span><\/span> <\/small><\/span><\/p>\n

1) Theoretically, any consonant can be in the <\/span>\ubc1b\uce68 (syllable final) position. In reality, <\/span>\u3138, <\/span>\u3149, and <\/span>\u3143 are not used as <\/span>\ubc1b\uce68.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

2) Some of the consonants merge into one sound when they are in the syllable-final position. Orthographically, however, they remain different. Summarized as follows:<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
consonant endings <\/span>\ubc1b\uce68<\/span><\/td>\nsound <\/span><\/td>\nexamples <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3131<\/span>, <\/span>\u314b<\/span><\/td>\n[k] <\/span><\/td>\n\uac01<\/a><\/span>, <\/span>\ubd80\uc5cc<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3134<\/span><\/td>\n[n] <\/span><\/td>\n\ub208<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3137<\/span>, <\/span>\u3145<\/span>, <\/span>\u3148<\/span>, <\/span>\u314a<\/span>, <\/span>\u314c<\/span>, <\/span>\u314e<\/span><\/td>\n[t] <\/span><\/td>\n\ub09f<\/span>, <\/span>\ub0ab<\/span>, <\/span>\ub0ae<\/span>, <\/span>\ub0af<\/span>, <\/span>\ub0b1<\/span>, <\/span>\ub0b3 <\/span>all pronounced as [ <\/span>\ub09f<\/a><\/span>] <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3139<\/span><\/td>\n[l] <\/span><\/td>\n\uc300<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3141<\/span><\/td>\n[m] <\/span><\/td>\n\ubd04<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3142<\/span>, <\/span>\u314d<\/span><\/td>\n[p] <\/span><\/td>\n\uc785<\/span>, <\/span>\uc78e<\/span> both pronounced as [<\/span>\uc785<\/a><\/span>]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3147<\/span><\/td>\n[ng] <\/span><\/td>\n\uc601<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3) These merged sounds regain their original values when they are followed by a zero-initial syllable (i.e. vowel).<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\uac01 <\/span><\/td>\n+<\/span><\/td>\n\uc774 <\/span>(topic\/subject marker)<\/span><\/td>\n=<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\uac00\uae30 kagi]<\/span> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\ubd80\uc5cc <\/span><\/td>\n+<\/span><\/td>\n\uc5d0 <\/span>(place marker) <\/span><\/td>\n=<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\ubd80\uc5b4\ucf00 puo^k`e]<\/span> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\ub0ae <\/span><\/td>\n+<\/span><\/td>\n\uc5d0 <\/span>(temporal marker) <\/span><\/td>\n= <\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\ub098\uc81c naje]<\/span> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\ub0af <\/span><\/td>\n+<\/span><\/td>\n\uc5d0 <\/span>(place marker) <\/span><\/td>\n=<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\ub098\uccb4 nach`e]<\/span> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uc785<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/span><\/td>\n\uc774 <\/span>(top.\/sub. marker)<\/span><\/td>\n=<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\uc774\ube44 ibi]<\/span> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uc78e<\/span><\/td>\n+<\/span><\/td>\n\uc774 <\/span>(top.\/sub. maeker) <\/span><\/td>\n=<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\uc774\ud53c ip`i]<\/span> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2. Rules of Pronunciation<\/span> <\/small><\/span><\/p>\n


\n<\/span><\/small>2.1. Liason (<\/span>\ubc1b\uce68 <\/span>carry-over)<\/span><\/small><\/p>\n

1) A <\/span>\ubc1b\uce68 is carried over by the following syllable when the following syllable starts with a zero-initial.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

ex) <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\uad6d\uc774<\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\uad6c\uae30<\/span>]<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\ubb38\uc774<\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\ubb34\ub2c8<\/span>] <\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\ubc25\uc744 <\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\ubc14\ube14]<\/span> <\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\uc637\uc774<\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\uc624\uc2dc <\/span>]<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uc78e\uc774<\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\uc774\ud53c<\/span>]<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\ubc16\uc5d0<\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\ubc14\uaed8<\/span>] <\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2) The second part of a double <\/span>\ubc1b\uce68 is carried over by the folowing syllable when the following syllable starts with a zero-syllable.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

ex)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\uc549\uc544\uc694<\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\uc548\uc790\uc694<\/span>]<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\uc77d\uc5b4\uc694<\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\uc77c\uac70\uc694]<\/span> <\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\ubc1f\uc544\uc694 <\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\ubc1c\ubc14\uc694<\/span>] <\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\ud565\uc544\uc694<\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\ud560\ud0c0\uc694]<\/span> <\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uc74a\uc5b4\uc694<\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\uc744\ud37c\uc694<\/span>]<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\uc5c6\uc5b4\uc694<\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\uc5c5\uc11c\uc694]<\/span> <\/small><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2.2. Nasalization<\/span><\/small><\/p>\n

When a final (non-nasal) consonant is followed by a nasal initial (<\/span>\u3134,<\/span>\u3141), the non-nasal consonant absorbs the nasality, keeping its place of articulation. Remember, ‘<\/span>\u3147‘ in the initial position is not a nasal consonant but a zero.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u3131, <\/span>\u314b<\/small><\/td>\n\u2192<\/small><\/td>\n\u3147 <\/small><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3137, <\/span>\u3145, <\/span>\u3148, <\/span>\u314a, <\/span>\u314c, <\/span>\u314e<\/small><\/td>\n\u2192<\/small><\/td>\n\u3134<\/small><\/td>\n\/ before <\/span>\u3134 or <\/span>\u3141 <\/small><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3142, <\/span>\u314d<\/small><\/td>\n\u2192<\/small><\/td>\n\u3141 <\/small><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n


\n<\/span>ex) <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4 \u2192 <\/span>[<\/span>\uac10\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/span>] <\/span><\/a><\/td>\n\ub0b1\ub9d0 \u2192 <\/span>[<\/span>\ub09c\ub9d0<\/span>] <\/span><\/a><\/td>\n\uba39\ub294\ub2e4\u2192 [<\/span>\uba4d\ub294\ub2e4]<\/span> <\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n


\n<\/small><\/span><\/p>\n

2.3. Aspiration<\/span><\/span> <\/small><\/span><\/p>\n

When <\/span> <\/span>\u314e [h] is adjacent, a consonant is influenced and aspirated.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u3131<\/small><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n\u314b<\/small><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3137 <\/small><\/td>\n\u2192<\/small><\/td>\n\u314c<\/small><\/td>\n <\/small> \/ before or after <\/span>\u314e <\/small><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3142<\/small><\/td>\n\u2192<\/small><\/td>\n\u314d<\/small><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3148<\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/small><\/td>\n\u314a <\/small><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

ex) <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\uc88b\ub2e4 \u2192 [\uc870\ud0c0]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/small><\/td>\n\ub178\ub797\ub2e4 \u2192 <\/span>[<\/span>\ub178\ub77c\ud0c0<\/span>] <\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub2e4 \u2192 <\/span>[<\/span>\uc0dd\uac00\uce74\ub2e4<\/span>] <\/span><\/a><\/td>\n\uc785\ud788\ub2e4 \u2192[<\/span>\uc774\ud53c\ub2e4<\/span>]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.4. Palatalization<\/span><\/span> <\/small><\/span><\/p>\n

When <\/span>\u3137 or <\/span>\u314c is followed by <\/span>\uc774 [i], a paplatalization occurs. <\/span><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u3137[t] <\/span><\/small><\/td>\n\u2192<\/small><\/td>\n\u3148 [ch] <\/small><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u314c[t`]<\/span><\/small><\/td>\n\u2192<\/small><\/td>\n\u314a [ch`] <\/span><\/small><\/td>\n\/ before <\/span>\uc774 <\/small><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

ex) <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ubbf8\ub2eb\uc774\u2192<\/span>[<\/span>\ubbf8\ub2e4\uc9c0<\/span>]<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n\uad73\uc774 \u2192<\/span>[<\/span>\uad6c\uc9c0<\/span>]<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n\uac19\uc774 \u2192<\/span>[<\/span>\uac00\uce58<\/span>]<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2.5. Liquidation<\/span> <\/small><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3134<\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n\u3139<\/span><\/td>\n\/before another <\/span>\u3139<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

ex) <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc804\ub77c\ubd81\ub3c4 <\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\uc808\ub77c\ubd81\ub3c4<\/span>]<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n\uc2e0\ub77c<\/span><\/td>\n\u2192<\/span><\/td>\n[<\/span>\uc2e4\ub77c<\/span>]<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Phonological notes 1. Syllable-final Consonants (\ubc1b\uce68): 1) Theoretically, any consonant can be in the \ubc1b\uce68 (syllable final) position. In reality, \u3138, \u3149, and \u3143 are not used as \ubc1b\uce68. 2) Some of the consonants merge into one sound when they…<\/p>\n

Read more →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":647,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.learnkorean.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/708"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.learnkorean.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.learnkorean.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.learnkorean.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.learnkorean.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=708"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.learnkorean.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/708\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":710,"href":"http:\/\/www.learnkorean.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/708\/revisions\/710"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.learnkorean.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.learnkorean.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}